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          Renesas-RH850  CPU System - CPU Core Functions
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<p>Renesas学习笔记<br>CPU System : CPU Core Functions</p>
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<hr>
<h4 id="Core-Functions"><a href="#Core-Functions" class="headerlink" title="Core Functions"></a>Core Functions</h4><p>CPU:</p>
<ul>
<li>用于嵌入式控制的高性能32位架构</li>
<li>32位内部数据总线</li>
<li>三十二个32位通用寄存器</li>
<li>RISC类型指令集，长&#x2F;短类型加载&#x2F;存储指令，三操作数指令，基于C语言的指令集</li>
<li>支持硬件辅助虚拟化功能<ul>
<li>虚拟机的CPU操作模式、寄存器访问权限和指令执行权限</li>
<li>独立的虚拟机异常处理&#x2F;中断接受处理</li>
<li>虚拟机的嵌套内存保护功能</li>
<li>虚拟机的上下文高速保存&#x2F;返回功能</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>CPU工作模式：用户模式、管理模式</li>
<li>地址空间：数据和指令的4GB线性空间</li>
<li>乱序执行</li>
</ul>
<p>协处理器:</p>
<ul>
<li>浮点运算协处理器（FPU）</li>
<li>支持单精度（32位）和双精度（64位）</li>
<li>支持符合IEEE754标准的数据类型和异常处理</li>
<li>舍入模式：最近、0方向、+∞方向和-∞方向</li>
<li>非规范化数的处理：这些数被截断为0，或报告异常以符合IEEE754标准</li>
</ul>
<p>异常&#x2F;中断:</p>
<ul>
<li>每个通道可以指定64级中断优先级</li>
<li>可以根据性能需求和消耗的内存量选择向量选择方法<ul>
<li>直接分支方法异常向量（直接向量方法）</li>
<li>地址表引用的间接分支方法异常向量（表引用方法）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>使用专用指令（PUSHSP、POPSP）支持中断时的高速上下文保存和恢复处理</li>
<li>使用寄存器组特性支持中断时的高速上下文保存</li>
<li>使用专用指令（RESBANK）支持从寄存器组恢复</li>
<li>硬件辅助虚拟化功能添加了以下功能：<ul>
<li>主模式和客户模式的异常处理可以独立使用</li>
<li>主模式和客户模式的异常向量可以独立使用</li>
<li>分配给主模式的中断优先于任何分配给客户模式的中断</li>
<li>中断通道可以分配给客户模式</li>
<li>可以及时接受后台客户的高优先级中断</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>内存管理:</p>
<ul>
<li>内存保护功能（MPU）：32个可设置区域</li>
</ul>
<p>缓存:</p>
<ul>
<li>指令缓存 16 KB</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="备注："><a href="#备注：" class="headerlink" title="备注："></a>备注：</h4><p>RH850&#x2F;U2A不支持FXU（扩展浮点运算单元）。</p>
<p>四种舍入模式：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Nearest：舍入到最接近的数值。如果两个数值同样接近，则舍入到偶数方向。例如，2.5舍入到2，而3.5舍入到4。</p>
</li>
<li><p>0 direction：向零方向舍入，也称为截断（truncate），即去掉小数部分，不考虑其大小。例如，2.9舍入到2，-2.9舍入到-2。</p>
</li>
<li><p>+∞ direction：向正无穷方向舍入，即朝着更大的正数方向。例如，2.1舍入到3，-2.1舍入到-2。</p>
</li>
<li><p>-∞ direction：向负无穷方向舍入，即朝着更小的负数方向。例如，2.1舍入到2，-2.1舍入到-3。</p>
</li>
</ul>

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